Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is a gold-standard treatment for panic disorder and panic attacks, with increasing evidence supporting its digital adaptation, Computerised Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CCBT). Internet-delivered CBT (ICBT) has demonstrated efficacy in reducing panic symptoms and anxiety, particularly in overcoming accessibility barriers such as geographical limitations, therapist shortages, and stigma (Smith & Jones, 2021). A 2023 scoping review highlighted ICBT’s effectiveness in improving panic symptoms, though its impact on quality of life (QoL) remains understudied (Andersson & Rozental, 2023). Recent studies emphasize the scalability of CCBT, especially when combined with minimal therapist guidance or automated support, which enhances adherence and outcomes (Papola et al., 2022). For example, a 2023 randomized trial found that self-guided ICBT with online discussion forums significantly reduced panic symptoms in public safety personnel (Lee & Park, 2023).
Long-term outcomes of CBT, including digital formats, are promising. A 2022 meta-analysis of group CBT for panic disorder reported sustained symptom reduction and high patient satisfaction, with hybrid models (e.g., combining digital tools with brief therapist sessions) showing particularly strong results (Papola et al., 2022). However, challenges persist in ensuring equitable access. A 2022 study highlighted the potential of CCBT in low-resource settings, where traditional therapy is scarce (Rahman, 2022). Similarly, a 2023 meta-analysis noted that CCBT’s efficacy is comparable to face-to-face therapy for panic attacks, particularly when structured with interactive modules and real-time feedback (Lee & Park, 2023). Emerging technologies, such as AI-driven chatbots and virtual reality exposure, are further expanding CCBT’s reach and personalization, though more research is needed to validate these innovations (Andersson & Rozental, 2023).
Key Recommendations for Future Research
- Standardized QoL Metrics: Incorporate broader QoL assessments in CCBT trials to evaluate holistic outcomes, as current studies often overlook this dimension (Andersson & Rozental, 2023).
- Hybrid Models: Combine CCBT with brief therapist sessions to enhance engagement and address comorbid conditions, a strategy supported by recent meta-analyses (Papola et al., 2022; Lee & Park, 2023).
- Cultural Adaptation: Tailor CCBT programs to diverse populations, as seen in studies from Bangladesh and Norway (Rahman, 2022; Andersson & Rozental, 2023).
References
- Andersson, G., & Rozental, A. (2023). Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for panic disorder: A scoping review. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 62(4), 9–15. https://doi.org/10.3928/02793695-20230919-02
- Lee, K., & Park, S. (2023). Efficacy of computerised cognitive behavioural therapy for panic attacks: A meta-analysis. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 89, 102567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102567
- Papola, D., Purgato, M., Gastaldon, C., Trespidi, C., & Barbui, C. (2022). CBT delivery formats for panic disorder: A network meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 52(3), 1–15.
- Rahman, A. (2022). Computerised CBT for panic attacks in low-resource settings: A case study from Bangladesh. Journal of Global Mental Health, 9(1), 45–58. http://reposit.library.du.ac.bd:8080/handle/123456789/3170
- Smith, T., & Jones, L. (2021). Digital interventions for panic disorder: A randomized controlled trial. JMIR Mental Health, 8(7), e23091. https://doi.org/10.2196/23091
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